Acquired Lues (Syphilis)
Acquired Lues (Syphilis; Acquired Syphilis; Lues Venerea; Malum
Venereum) 19
General: Causative agent, Treponema pallidum, usually transmitted sexually.
Ocular: Conjunctival chancroid; conjunctivitis; keratitis; blepharitis; ptosis; iris atrophy; hippus; dacryocystitis; optic nerve atrophy; optic neuritis; periostitis; episcleritis; scleritis; nystagmus; uveitis; vitreous hemorrhages; paralysis of sixth nerve; papilledema; retinal hemorrhages; retinitis proliferans; oculogyric crisis; neuroretinitis; papilledema (associated with aseptic meningitis); diffuse or multifocal chorioretinitis; vertical supranuclear gaze palsy; Benedikt syndrome.
Clinical: Primary lesion associated with regional lymphadenopathy; secondary bacteremic stage associated with generalized mucocutaneous lesions; tertiary stage characterized by destructive mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, or parenchymal lesions, aortitis, or central nervous system disease; syphilis and HIV infection often coexist in the same patient who experiences a higher incidence and greater severity of neurologic and ocular manifestations; a significant percentage of patients infected with HIV-I and T pallidum become seronegative to syphilis testing.
Braunwald E, et al., eds. Harrison s principles of internal medicine, 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987.
Halperin LS. Neuroretinitis due to seronegative syphilis associated with human immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Neuro-Ophthalmol 1992;12:171-172.
Ho AC, et al. Ocular syphilis: clinical manifestations and recent observations. Semin Ophthalmol 1993;8:53-60.
Lukehart SA, Holmes KK. Spirochetal diseases, syphilis. In: Isselbacher KJ, et al., eds. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine, 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994:726--37.
Miller NR, ed. Walsh and Hoyts clinical neuro-ophthalmology. vol. 5, part 1, 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995.
Spektor FE, et al. Granulomatous conjunctivitis secondary to Treponema pallidum. Ophthalmology 1981; 88: 863-865.
Venereum) 19
General: Causative agent, Treponema pallidum, usually transmitted sexually.
Ocular: Conjunctival chancroid; conjunctivitis; keratitis; blepharitis; ptosis; iris atrophy; hippus; dacryocystitis; optic nerve atrophy; optic neuritis; periostitis; episcleritis; scleritis; nystagmus; uveitis; vitreous hemorrhages; paralysis of sixth nerve; papilledema; retinal hemorrhages; retinitis proliferans; oculogyric crisis; neuroretinitis; papilledema (associated with aseptic meningitis); diffuse or multifocal chorioretinitis; vertical supranuclear gaze palsy; Benedikt syndrome.
Clinical: Primary lesion associated with regional lymphadenopathy; secondary bacteremic stage associated with generalized mucocutaneous lesions; tertiary stage characterized by destructive mucocutaneous, musculoskeletal, or parenchymal lesions, aortitis, or central nervous system disease; syphilis and HIV infection often coexist in the same patient who experiences a higher incidence and greater severity of neurologic and ocular manifestations; a significant percentage of patients infected with HIV-I and T pallidum become seronegative to syphilis testing.
Braunwald E, et al., eds. Harrison s principles of internal medicine, 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987.
Halperin LS. Neuroretinitis due to seronegative syphilis associated with human immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Neuro-Ophthalmol 1992;12:171-172.
Ho AC, et al. Ocular syphilis: clinical manifestations and recent observations. Semin Ophthalmol 1993;8:53-60.
Lukehart SA, Holmes KK. Spirochetal diseases, syphilis. In: Isselbacher KJ, et al., eds. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine, 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994:726--37.
Miller NR, ed. Walsh and Hoyts clinical neuro-ophthalmology. vol. 5, part 1, 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995.
Spektor FE, et al. Granulomatous conjunctivitis secondary to Treponema pallidum. Ophthalmology 1981; 88: 863-865.
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