African Eye Worm Disease (Loiasis)
African Eye Worm Disease (Loiasis) 32
General: Caused by filarial nematode Loa loa; transmitted to humans by diurnally biting flies (deerflies) of the Chrysops species that live in the rain forests of West and Central Africa.
Ocular: Parasites of anterior chamber, conjunctiva, eyelid, vitreous, and choroid; conjunctivitis; keratitis; optic nerve atrophy; white, cottony mass of vitreous; central retinal artery occlusion; macular hemorrhages; paralysis of extraocular muscles; nystagmus; uveitis.
Clinical: Transient erythematous swelling; pruritus; eosinophilia; fever; urticaria; rarely neurologic involvement.
Fraunfelder FT, Roy FH. Current ocular therapy, 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000.
Malouf AR, et al. Loiasis in Maryland. Arch Ophthalmol 1992; 110:1010.
Miller NR, ed. Walsh and Hoyt’s clinical neuro-ophthalmology, vol. 5, part 1, 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995.
Osuntokun O, Olurin O. Filarial worm (Loa loa) in the anterior chamber. Report of two cases. Br J Ophthalmol 1975; 59:166-167.
Sacks HN, et al. Loiasis. Report of a case and review of the literature. Arch Intern Med 1976; 136:914-915.
General: Caused by filarial nematode Loa loa; transmitted to humans by diurnally biting flies (deerflies) of the Chrysops species that live in the rain forests of West and Central Africa.
Ocular: Parasites of anterior chamber, conjunctiva, eyelid, vitreous, and choroid; conjunctivitis; keratitis; optic nerve atrophy; white, cottony mass of vitreous; central retinal artery occlusion; macular hemorrhages; paralysis of extraocular muscles; nystagmus; uveitis.
Clinical: Transient erythematous swelling; pruritus; eosinophilia; fever; urticaria; rarely neurologic involvement.
Fraunfelder FT, Roy FH. Current ocular therapy, 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000.
Malouf AR, et al. Loiasis in Maryland. Arch Ophthalmol 1992; 110:1010.
Miller NR, ed. Walsh and Hoyt’s clinical neuro-ophthalmology, vol. 5, part 1, 4th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1995.
Osuntokun O, Olurin O. Filarial worm (Loa loa) in the anterior chamber. Report of two cases. Br J Ophthalmol 1975; 59:166-167.
Sacks HN, et al. Loiasis. Report of a case and review of the literature. Arch Intern Med 1976; 136:914-915.
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