Convergence Insufficiency Syndrome
Convergence Insufficiency Syndrome (Asthenovergence of Stutterheim)
General: An exodeviation that is greater at near distances than at far ones; inadequate accommodative and fusional convergence impulses; prevalence is generally considered to be low in children under age 10 years and higher in females.
Ocular: Burning, itching, blurred vision; diplopia; difficulty in following moving objects; astigmatism; decreased visual acuity; exotropia; hypermetropia; orthotropia.
Clinical: Headache; associated with thyroid eye disease.
Burke JP, et al. Convergence insufficiency in thyroid eye disease. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1993; 30:127-129.
Fraunfelder FT, Roy FJ. Current Ocular Therapy, 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000.
Harley RD, ed. Pediatric Ophthalmology, 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1998.
Norm MS, Convergence insufficiency: incidence in ophthalmic practice. Results of orthoptic treatment. Acta Ophthalmol 1966; 44:132.
General: An exodeviation that is greater at near distances than at far ones; inadequate accommodative and fusional convergence impulses; prevalence is generally considered to be low in children under age 10 years and higher in females.
Ocular: Burning, itching, blurred vision; diplopia; difficulty in following moving objects; astigmatism; decreased visual acuity; exotropia; hypermetropia; orthotropia.
Clinical: Headache; associated with thyroid eye disease.
Burke JP, et al. Convergence insufficiency in thyroid eye disease. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1993; 30:127-129.
Fraunfelder FT, Roy FJ. Current Ocular Therapy, 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000.
Harley RD, ed. Pediatric Ophthalmology, 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1998.
Norm MS, Convergence insufficiency: incidence in ophthalmic practice. Results of orthoptic treatment. Acta Ophthalmol 1966; 44:132.
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