Disseminated Lupus Erythematosus

Disseminated Lupus Erythematosus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus; Lupus Erythematosus; Kaposi-Libman-Sack Syndrome)

General: Possible etiology includes viral infections and genetic predisposition; immunologic abnormalities.

Ocular: Keratitis; keratoconjunctivitis sicca; corneal ulcer; optic nerve atrophy; optic neuritis; papilledema; arteritis; central retinal vein occlusion; retinal detachment; microaneurysm; scleritis; uveitis; ptosis; conjunctivitis; paralysis of third nerve; homonymous hemianopsia; multifocal microinfarcts; mydriasis; nystagmus; proptosis; orbital myositis; pseudoretinitis pigmentosa; photophobia.

Clinical: Polyarthritis; morning stiffuess; fever; malaise; fatigue; polyserositis; renal disease; central nervous system disease; anemia; leukopenia; maculopapular rash in a "butterfly" distribution over malar region; alopecia.

Fraunfelder FT, Roy FH. Current Ocular Therapy. 5th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000.

Gold DH, et al. Ocular findings in systemic lupus erythematosus. Br J Ophthalmol 1972; 56:800-804.